Thursday, November 26, 2015

Design Elements & Principles

Certain internet sites seize users’ sights a lot of simply, whereas others don’t. Why?
Sometimes we've got to remark our opinion concerning likes or dislikes of internet sites, and it
is easy to mention simply “I like this, or I don’t like that…” however if we have a tendency to ar asked to answer the
question why, then it's terribly troublesome to seek out out the explanation.
Which factors do influence on somebody to possess a precise perspective toward an online page?
There could also be terribly several reasons associated with it, however i believe the ‘design’ of the online page is
the terribly essential one in every of them.
I will describe the weather and principles of style and by doing thus i would like to
articulate the sub-factors of style that have influence on the users’ perspective toward an online
site during this article.
II. Significance of the subject
Even though not comprehensive and careful, the look parts and principles
described here are often associate analyzing frame for web content style. they will inform US wherever
to begin, what to probe, and the way to research. for instance designer WHO is aware of the look
elements and principles will analyze the page in terms of line, color, movements, balance,
harmony, and then forth, whereas others ar simply thinking that it's appealing for them or not.
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This info may offer associate expressing tool to the online designer. A author will
express his or her thought exploitation language. an online page designer additionally expresses their
thought or a precise intention with parts of style and will it effectively along side
the design principles. If a designer need to mention one thing through the online page, than he
must use the weather (line, color, etc) as a communication tool. thus it's important to
know the types and meanings of the look parts and principles.
Although color is one in every of the foremost necessary style parts, however I excluded the detail
description of it, as a result of color-related subject has already appropriated designers’ interests and
many designers, I think, already grasp of it substantially.
III. style parts
The elements ar elements or components which may be isolated and outlined in any visual
design or work of art. they're the structure of the work, and might carry a large style of
messages. the small print could also be differentiated by researchers, however I enclosed ‘point or
mark’, ‘line’, ‘shape’, ‘forms’, ‘space’, ‘color’, and ‘texture’ during this article.
A. purpose or Mark
A point or mark is that the smallest and partary|most simple} element. typically it's the private
'handwriting' of the creator which will be natural or learned. These will vary in size, value,
regularity or irregularity, and might be used alone or as a unit in a very cluster that forms a line
or form within the image. Marks are often accustomed type a worth or pattern (placed approximate
forms a darker worth, any apart forms a lighter value), or to delineate house (larger
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means nearer, etc.). a decent example of the employment of marks is that the ink drawings of Van
Gogh. The Impressionist painters used what might be referred to as patches; and therefore the Pointillists,
such as Georges Pierre Seurat, used the dot.
Even though there's only 1 purpose or mark on a white blank page, it will catch our
sight. If there ar 2 points, we'll build a association and see a line. If there ar 3
points, it's inevitable to interpret them as a triangle; the mind provides the connections.
These ar referred to as as grouping, or gestalt. pattern is that the elementary tool the designer or
artist uses to make a coherent composition.
B. Line
A line could be a type with dimension and length, however no depth. Artists use lines to form edges,
the outlines of objects. A line is made by the movement of the artist's pen.
The direction of a line will convey mood. Horizontal lines ar calm and quiet, vertical
lines recommend a lot of of a possible for movement, whereas diagonal lines powerfully recommend
movement and provides a lot of of a sense of vitality to an image.
C. Shape
Shape is a vicinity that's contained among inexplicit line, or is seen and known as a result of
of color or worth changes. Shapes have 2 dimensions, length and dimension, and can be
geometric or free-form. style in painting is essentially the planned arrangement of shapes
in a work of art.
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In a image, the shapes that the creator has placed ar thought-about the positive shapes.
The areas round the shapes ar the negative areas. it's even as necessary to contemplate
the negative house in a very image because the positive shapes.
D. Forms
Form describes volume and mass, or the 3 dimensional aspects of objects that take
up space. (Shape is two-dimensional) Forms will and will be viewed from any angles.
When you hold a baseball, shoe, or tiny sculpture, you're conscious of their curves, angles,
indentations, extensions, and edges---their forms.
E. Space
Actual house is three-dimensional volume which will be empty or crammed with objects. It
has width, height, and depth. house that seems three-dimensional in a very two-dimensional
painting is associate illusion that makes a sense of actual depth. numerous techniques are often
used to show such visual depth or house.
F. Color
Color has 3 properties. the primary is hue, that is that the name of the colours. The
primary hues ar yellow, red, and blue. Secondary colours ar created by combining 2
primaries. Intermediate colours ar mixtures of a primary and adjacent secondary color.
The second property of color is worth, that refers to the lightness or darkness of hue.
The third property of color is intensity, that refers to the purity of the hue (also referred to as
"chroma").
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G. Texture
Texture refers to the surface quality, each simulated and actual, of artwork.
Techniques employed in painting serve to indicate texture, i.e. the dry brush technique produces a
rough simulated quality and significant application of pigment with brush or different implement
produces a rough actual quality.
IV. style Principles
A. Balance
Balance could be a psychological sense of equilibrium. As a style principle, balance places
the components of a visible in associate esthetically pleasing arrangement. In visual pictures, balance is
formal once each side ar symmetrical in terms of arrangement. Balance is informal
when sides don't seem to be specifically symmetrical, however the ensuing image remains balanced. Informal
balance is a lot of dynamic than formal balance and usually keeps the learner's attention
focused on the visual message. There ar 3 main forms of balance, horizontal balance,
vertical balance, radial balance.
B. Proportion
Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the varied parts in a very style. The
issue is that the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole. this implies that it's
necessary to debate proportion in terms of the context or normal accustomed verify
proportions.
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C. Perspective
Perspective is made through the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional house to
look like they seem in real world. Perspective could be a learned that means of the link
between completely different objects seen in house.
Is the dark parallelogram before of a circle, or beside a semi-circle? Perspective adds
realism to a visible image. the dimensions of a parallelogram suggests that very little till another object offers it
the size of a table, or the dimensions of a building. Perspective are often accustomed draw the audience
into a visible. Perception are often achieved through the employment of relative sizes of objects,
overlapping objects, and blurring or sharpening objects.
D. Emphasis
Emphasis is employed by artists to form dominance and focus in their work. Artists will
emphasize color, value, shapes, or different art parts to attain dominance. Various
kinds of distinction are often accustomed emphasize a middle of interest.

E. Movement
The approach the creator leads the attention in, around, and thru a composition. the trail the
eye follows. Motion or movement in a very visual image happens once objects appear to be
moving in a visible image. Movement in a very visual image comes from the varieties of shapes,
forms, lines, and curves that ar used.
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F. Pattern
Pattern uses the art parts in planned or random repetition to boost surfaces or
paintings or sculptures. Patterns typically occur in nature, and artists use similar perennial
motifs to form pattern in their work. Pattern will increase visual excitement by enriching
surface interest.
G. Repetition
Repetition works with pattern to create the design appear active. The repetition of
elements of style creates unity among the design.
H. Rhythm
Rhythm is that the repetition of visual movement of the elements-colors, shapes, lines,
values, forms, spaces, and textures. selection is crucial to stay rhythms exciting and
active, and to avoid monotony. Movement and rhythm work along to form the visual
equivalent of a musical beat.
I. Variety
Variety provides distinction to harmony and unity. selection consists of the variations in
objects that add interest to a visible image. selection are often achieved by exploitation opposites or
strong contrasts. dynamical the dimensions, purpose of read, and angle of one object will add
variety and interest to a visible image.
Breaking a repetition pattern will enliven a visible image.
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J. Harmony
Harmony in visual style suggests that all components of the visual image relate to and
complement one another. Harmony pulls the items of a visible image along. Harmony
can be achieved through repetition and rhythm. Repetition reemphasizes visual units,
connecting components and making a vicinity of attention. Rhythm is that the flow delineate in a very
visual. Rhythm helps direct eye movement.
Patterns or shapes will facilitate deliver the goods harmony.
By repetition patterns in a remarkable arrangement, the visual image comes
together.
K. Unity
Unity suggests that the harmony of the full composition. The components of a composition created
to work along as a complete visual theme.
Unity is that the relationship among the weather of a visible that helps all the weather
function along. Unity offers a way of unity to a visible image. In different words, the
words and therefore the pictures work along to form that means.
V. Summary
Elements of style represented here ar purpose, line, shape, form, space, color, and
texture. and that i gathered info concerning numerous style principles, just like the balance,
proportion, perspective, emphasis, movement, pattern, repetition, rhythm, variety,
harmony, and unity. These parts and principles are often the essential information and
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analytical frame work for a designer. I hooked up the samples of the weather and
principles in appendix. I hope it'd be useful for readers to know this paper.

Wednesday, May 13, 2015

Compare the three project plans with each other and identify the similarities and the contrasts of the design process of building, civil engineering and services projects



Designing is the process of creating out the ideas which is in the client’s mind in correct order and in correct manner. In construction planning, it identifies the activities and resources required to make the design a physical reality.
The designing phases in 3 projects, construction, civil engineering and services projects are very much similar with each other but there are differences as well.

The contrasts can be…

·         In bridge construction the contractor must get permission from RDA and other government organization due to block the road and transport his equipment and material to the construction place and he also provide a temporary bridge next to the construction bridge for transport of public if particular construction is a demolished and build construction.
·         In a water supply project contractor gets permission from RDA for excavating trenches for install pumping main line.
·         The building contractor has provided minimum legal documents then the bride and water supply contractors.
·         In building construction contractor should hand over the operating manuals and warranties to the client while he handover the building to him but in bridge construction contractor won’t have many user manuals or warranties to hand over.
·         In purpose of the way of planning, it is altered from each other. The three projects will havethree ways of ‘how to plan’, because it depends on the nature of the project.
·         When developing the scope proclamation, it is similar in both projects. The brief will be developedaccording to the client’s wants and also according to the site conditions.
·         In selecting the planning team, in both projects, the same professions will be selected but for somemembers, they will be selected according to the experience.
·         Significant contrasts between a building project and a civil engineering project is, architects take themain role in building projects and in civil engineering projects, civil engineers take the main role inplanning process.
·         In both projects, process of identifying deliverables and creating the work breakdown structure is the same but breakdown will be different.
·         In identifying the activities needed to complete the deliverables and networking the activities in thelogical sequence, some activities and networking get differ in the three projects.
·         The required resources and the quantities will be different for the 3 projects. Therefore estimating the resources requirements for the activities do differ from each other.
·         The time allocated for all the 3 projects also get differ from each other. That means estimating time and cost for activities are different in all the three projects. The same activity common to all the 3 projects will sometimes take 3 different durations to complete and as well as three different costs may involve ineach activity.
·         In developing the schedule, the purpose and the processing methods will be equal in all the threeprojects, and the way of developing the budget is also same in the three projects.
·         In the three projects, risk assessment or risk planning will be different as the nature of the three projects is different. As the risk management depends on the nature of the projects, risk assessment also getdiffer.
·         The authorities responsible for the three types of projects are normally different. Therefore gaining approval to begin work gets differ in all the three projects.
As the three projects are different planning process do get differ as in above mentioned ways.

Design Phase


ø  After signing a contract with our Project Coordinator will contact you to review site preparations and the specifics of your project. They will discuss all bridge decisions such as material choices, bridge design, treatment, grading, site access, bridge location and all other aspects of your project. You should discuss any changes at this time, including time frame requirements and special needs. You should have begun obtaining a permit if required. If needed, we can provide preliminary drawings for review by the appropriate authorities. Time: 1 week
ø  Then send you preliminary bridge designs for your approval. Time: 2-6 weeks.
ø  At this point, an engineer, licensed in your project’s state, will complete calculations and place a seal on each drawing, guaranteeing the structural viability of your bridge. Time: 1 week.
ø  Next, the Project Coordinator will begin procuring the required materials. Coordination is important to ensure that materials, equipment and the construction crew arrive at the site on the same day. Time: 4-5 weeks


Project closeout and termination phase
ø  A number of special activities must take place before the contractor’s responsibilities can be considered complete. There are the various testing and start-up tasks, the final cleanup, various inspections and remedial work that may result from them and the process of closing the construction office and terminating the staff’s employment.
ø  A myriad of special paperwork is required, including approvals and certifications that allow the contractor to receive final payment,
ø  A set of as-built drawings that include all changes made to the original design, operating manuals, warranties and a final report.


Project mobilization phase
ø  After the contractor is selected, a number of activities must be completed before installation work can begin at the project site.
ø  Various bonds, licenses and insurances must be secured. A detailed programmer for the construction activities must be prepared.
ø  The cost estimate must be converted to a project budget and the system for tracking actual project costs must be established. The worksite must be organized, with provisions for temporary buildings and services, access and delivery, storage areas and site security.